AUTHOR
Anton Kröger
Co-founder – Engineering & AI
Anton is a co-founder of Gramta, bringing experience in engineering and artificial intelligence. He focuses on the technical translation of real-world order data into automated reporting.
anton@gramta.comArticles by Anton Kröger
- PFAS in Food Packaging: PPWR Limits and EvidenceFrom 12 August 2026, PPWR restricts PFAS in food-contact packaging at three concentration limits. Learn the thresholds and evidence your file needs. · 5 min read
- Single-Use Plastics Reporting: What Online Sellers Have to DeclareSingle-use plastics reporting sits alongside packaging EPR, not inside it: separate registers, item counts as well as weight, some items declared twice. · 5 min read
- EPR Reporting Deadlines 2026: Every Packaging Due Date, Country by CountryMost EU packaging declarations fall in Q1 for the prior year: France 28 February, Sweden 31 March, Netherlands and UK 1 April. Germany sets no fixed date. · 6 min read
- Composite Packaging and EPR: How to Report Multi-Material PackagingComposite packaging is materials bonded so a consumer cannot separate them. Under 5% of weight you report mono-material; above it, composite rules apply. · 4 min read
- B2C vs B2B Packaging: How to Split It for EPR ReportingPackaging is classed household or commercial by size and design, not the buyer. Household fees fund municipal collection; commercial packaging costs far less. · 4 min read
- Eco-Modulation: How to Lower Your Packaging Fees by DesignEco-modulation multiplies EPR fees by recyclability, bonus or malus. Denmark adds 35% for red-tier materials; France penalises complex plastics up to 25%. · 4 min read
- PPWR Labelling Requirements: Pictograms, QR Codes, and Material CodesHarmonised EU material and sorting-bin pictograms replace national labels from 12 August 2028. Reusable packaging needs a QR code by February 2029. · 4 min read
- EPR for Amazon Sellers: 2026 Rules & DelistingAmazon suspends listings without a valid EPR number: LUCID in Germany, IDU in France today, every EU market you sell to once PPWR applies 12 August 2026. · 4 min read
- PPWR Technical Documentation: Building Your Annex VII Evidence VaultPPWR technical documentation is the Annex VII file: description, drawings, bill of materials, heavy-metal and PFAS lab tests. Required from 12 August 2026. · 5 min read
- PPWR Exemptions: Are Micro-Enterprises Exempt from Packaging Rules?The PPWR micro-enterprise exemption (under 10 staff, under EUR 2M) shifts manufacturer duties to your supplier - only if they are in the same Member State. · 6 min read
- PPWR Timeline: Packaging Deadlines 2026–2040Every PPWR deadline that matters, from the 12 Aug 2026 application date to recycled-content and reuse targets in 2030, 2035 and 2040. · 4 min read
Glossary terms by Anton Kröger
- Registers & countriesAustralian Packaging Covenant Organisation (APCO)The Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (APCO) is a not-for-profit organisation leading the development of a circular economy for packaging in Australia.
- MaterialsBiodegradable Plastics (PLA/PHB)Biodegradable plastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), are polymer materials engineered to break down into natural elements under specific biological conditions, while...
- Registers & countriesCircular Action Alliance (CAA)The Circular Action Alliance is a designated producer responsibility organisation that helps businesses comply with state-level environmental regulations in the United States.
- Reporting & auditsData Reconciliation Audits (EPR)A data reconciliation audit is an investigative process where environmental authorities cross-check a merchant's reported packaging or electronic waste volumes against supply chain records, such as...
- MaterialsExpanded Polystyrene (EPS) Rigid PackagingExpanded polystyrene (EPS) rigid packaging is a lightweight, cellular plastic material widely used for shock absorption and thermal insulation.
- MaterialsMaterial Recovery Facility (MRF)A Material Recovery Facility is a specialised industrial plant that receives, separates, and prepares mixed waste for recycling.
- MaterialsMechanical Recycling ProcessThe mechanical recycling process is the dominant method for managing post-consumer waste, involving the physical sorting, washing, shredding, and melting of discarded packaging to create secondary...
- PPWRPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) RestrictionPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large family of persistent synthetic chemicals widely known as forever chemicals.
- PPWRPPWR Annex VII Technical DocumentationThe PPWR Annex VII technical documentation is the mandatory compliance file documenting a packaging unit's materials, design specifications, safety, and recyclability assessment.
- PPWRRecyclability Performance GradesRecyclability performance grades are the EU's harmonised scoring system for how efficiently packaging can be recycled at scale.
- Reporting & auditsSKU-Level Packaging DataSKU-level packaging data is the highly specific, item-by-item breakdown of the weights and materials used to wrap and ship a single product.