AUTHOR
Anton Kröger
Co-founder – Engineering & AI
Anton is a co-founder of Gramta, bringing experience in engineering and artificial intelligence. He focuses on the technical translation of real-world order data into automated reporting.
anton@gramta.comArticles by Anton Kröger
- Design-for-recycling under PPWR: the changes that lower your grade and your feeHow the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) aligns packaging design with recyclability grades and eco-modulated EPR fees. · 7 min read
- The 5 numbers to get from your packaging supplier before your next EPR filingThe five numbers to get from your packaging supplier before an EPR filing: unit weight, material, recyclability grade, recycled content and substance limits. · 6 min read
- Is an Authorised Representative Mandatory Under PPWR?Understand when an authorised representative is required under the new European Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, and how it impacts your brand. · 6 min read
- PFAS in Food Packaging: PPWR Limits and EvidenceSince 12 August 2026, PPWR restricts PFAS in food-contact packaging at three concentration limits. Learn the thresholds and evidence your file needs. · 6 min read
- Single-Use Plastics Reporting: What Online Sellers Have to DeclareSingle-use plastics reporting sits alongside packaging EPR, not inside it: separate registers, item counts as well as weight, some items declared twice. · 6 min read
- EPR Reporting Deadlines 2026: Every Packaging Due Date, Country by CountryMost EU packaging declarations fall in Q1 for the prior year: France 28 February, Sweden 31 March, Netherlands and UK 1 April. Germany sets no fixed date. · 8 min read
- Composite Packaging and EPR: How to Report Multi-Material PackagingComposite packaging is materials bonded so a consumer cannot separate them. Under 5% of weight you report mono-material; above it, composite rules apply. · 5 min read
- B2C vs B2B Packaging: How to Split It for EPR ReportingPackaging is classed household or commercial by size and design, not the buyer. Household fees fund municipal collection; commercial packaging costs far less. · 5 min read
- Eco-Modulation: How to Lower Your Packaging Fees by DesignEco-modulation multiplies EPR fees by recyclability, bonus or malus. Denmark adds 35% for red-tier materials; France penalises complex plastics up to 25%. · 5 min read
- PPWR Labelling Requirements: Pictograms, QR Codes, and Material CodesHarmonised EU material and sorting-bin pictograms replace national labels from 12 August 2028 at the earliest: the implementing acts that set the date are late. · 5 min read
- EPR for Amazon Sellers: 2026 Rules & DelistingAmazon suspends listings without a valid EPR number: LUCID in Germany, IDU in France, and since 12 August 2026 the PPWR requires the same check EU-wide. · 6 min read
- PPWR Technical Documentation: Building Your Annex VII Evidence VaultPPWR technical documentation is the Annex VII file: description, drawings, bill of materials, heavy-metal and PFAS lab tests. Required since 12 August 2026. · 6 min read
- PPWR Exemptions: Are Micro-Enterprises Exempt from Packaging Rules?The PPWR micro-enterprise exemption (under 10 staff, under EUR 2M) shifts manufacturer duties to your supplier if it is located in the Union. · 7 min read
- PPWR Timeline: Packaging Deadlines 2026–2040Every PPWR deadline that matters, from the 12 Aug 2026 application date to recycled-content and reuse targets in 2030, 2035 and 2040. · 7 min read
Glossary terms by Anton Kröger
- Registers & countriesAustralian Packaging Covenant Organisation (APCO)The Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (APCO) is a not-for-profit organisation leading the development of a circular economy for packaging in Australia.
- MaterialsBiodegradable Plastics (PLA/PHB)Biodegradable plastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), are polymer materials engineered to break down into natural elements under specific biological conditions, while...
- Registers & countriesCircular Action Alliance (CAA)The Circular Action Alliance is a designated producer responsibility organisation that helps businesses comply with state-level environmental regulations in the United States.
- Reporting & auditsData Reconciliation Audits (EPR)A data reconciliation audit is an investigative process where environmental authorities cross-check a merchant's reported packaging or electronic waste volumes against supply chain records, such as...
- MaterialsExpanded Polystyrene (EPS) Rigid PackagingExpanded polystyrene (EPS) rigid packaging is a lightweight, cellular plastic material widely used for shock absorption and thermal insulation.
- Registers & countriesInfo-tri Sorting Instructions (France)The French Info-tri is a mandatory sorting label that must be displayed alongside the Triman logo on all household packaging and graphic paper in France.
- MaterialsMaterial Recovery Facility (MRF)A Material Recovery Facility is a specialised industrial plant that receives, separates, and prepares mixed waste for recycling.
- MaterialsMechanical Recycling ProcessThe mechanical recycling process is the dominant method for managing post-consumer waste, involving the physical sorting, washing, shredding, and melting of discarded packaging to create secondary...
- Reporting & auditsNation of Sale Data (UK pEPR)Nation of sale data under the UK's packaging extended producer responsibility (pEPR) regime is a specific reporting requirement that identifies exactly which UK nation packaging is supplied into an...
- PPWRPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) RestrictionPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large family of persistent synthetic chemicals widely known as forever chemicals.
- PPWRPPWR Annex VII Technical DocumentationThe PPWR Annex VII technical documentation is the mandatory compliance file documenting a packaging unit's materials, design specifications, safety, and recyclability assessment.
- PPWRPPWR Article 8 (Biobased feedstock)Article 8 of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation establishes a framework for evaluating and potentially mandating the use of biobased feedstock in plastic packaging.
- PPWRRecyclability Performance GradesRecyclability performance grades are the EU's harmonised scoring system for how efficiently packaging can be recycled at scale.
- Reporting & auditsReport Packaging Data / RPD Portal (UK)The Report Packaging Data (RPD) portal is the official digital service operated by UK environmental regulators for businesses to submit packaging waste data.
- Reporting & auditsSKU-Level Packaging DataSKU-level packaging data is the highly specific, item-by-item breakdown of the weights and materials used to wrap and ship a single product.